论适当性审查:以地方性法规为对象

On the Review of Appropriateness: Taking Local Regulations as the Object

合法性审查和适当性审查可能会引发截然不同的法律后果,应当予以明确区分。适当性审查的实质是审查主体依据一定的方法,对审查对象合理与否作出判断,并进行细致、充分理由论证的过程。审查对象逐一通过目的正当性审查、手段适当性审查、必要性审查和均衡性审查,才能认定为适当。在审查过程中,审查主体应当综合运用价值判断、实证分析和法益衡量等方法。全国人大常委会对地方性法规进行适当性审查没有明确规定在有关的法律文本中,属于"制度漏洞"。将来应当改变这一状况,并明确全国人大常委会进行适当性审查所应秉持的自制立场,使得全国人大常委会的适当性审查工作规范化、科学化。

A clear distinction should be drawn between the review of legality and the review of appropriateness, because they could give rise to totally different legal consequences. The essence of appropriateness review is the process that the body who is responsible for the review judges whether the object of review is reasonable or not according to certain methods, and conduct elaborate and well-reasoned argumentations. Only by examining the legitimacy of the purpose, the suitability of the means, the necessity and the bal- ance, can the object be identified as appropriate. In the process of review, the body of review should use methods of value judgment, empirical analysis and legal interest measurement. The NPC Standing Committees review of the appropriateness of local regulations has not been clearly stipulated in the relevant legal texts, in other words, it is an ＂institutional loophole＂. This situation should be changed and the law should make clear the self-control position taken by the Standing Committee of the NPC when carrying out the ap- propriateness review so that the review of appropriateness of the NPC Standing Committee can be standard- ized and scientific.