基于功能成分发现的中药资源高效利用与可持续发展

High-efficiency Utilization And Sustainable Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource: Based on Discovery of Functional Components

中草药资源已成为国家战略资源,是医药产业和健康服务业的物质基础;中药资源的高效利用是实现资源节约型、环境友好型的循环经济,保障医药事业可持续发展的重大战略问题;但目前面临两大问题:一方面野生中药资源遭破坏,存量严重不足,引种栽培品种退化,濒危药材抚育、替代品种研发面临种种困难;另一方面有限的中药资源不能有效利用,存在浪费。因此,本文以两味生态限制性资源,即"四君八珍"之一的中药茯苓、中国特有中药材五倍子进行了资源持续综合利用的实践,探索了中药资源的综合开发利用和持续发展的模式。建议对中药资源应统筹考虑、综合利用,特别要注意中药资源可持续发展的基础研究、物质基础的明晰、功能的发掘与成分的改造、生物技术的运用、产品的开发与产业链的形成和延伸,从而实现中药资源的综合开发利用和持续发展。

As national strategic resources, traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） resource is the material basis for the pharmaceutical industry and health services. The high-efficiency utilization of TCM resource is a major strategic issue that realize the resource conservation and environment friendly recycling economy, guarantee the sustainable development of medicine. But currently, on one hand, the wild TCM resource was seriously damaged and in a serious shortage of stock, the cultivation variety was degenerated, the tending of endangered medicinal materials and the development of alternative varieties were faced many problems. On the other hand, the limited resources cannot be effectively utilized, which results in the waste of resources. Therefore, two ecological restricted resources, poria cocos and Chinese gall, were studied for comprehensive utilization of resources to explore the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resource as well as the pattern of sustainable development. We suggested that TCM resource should be taken into account as a whole for comprehensive utilization. We should especially pay attention to basic research for the sustainable development of TCM resource, discovery of bioactive substance, excavation and transformation for functional components, the use of biotechnology, the product development, the formation and extension of industry chain. So as the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resources and sustainable development would be realized.