建构主义思潮影响下美国高校实践教学模式的发展与创新

The Development and Innovation of Practical Teaching in American Universities under the Influence of Constructivism

当代美国高校实践教学应时而变,处于不断地发展与完善之中,而以建构主义为代表的当代学习理论在这个过程中扮演了非常重要的角色。研究显示,美国高校实践教学模式,如合作教育、本科生科研、服务学习和短期海外体验等,都在理念、构架和方法上大量运用了意义探究、文化理解、团队协作、知识创新和系统支持等要素,这从各个层面体现了建构主义学习理论的影响。而且从建构主义视域去审视美国高校实践教学的演变轨迹,不仅可以认识其实践教学模式发展的内在逻辑,也可从中了解美国学界在相关理论发展与实践创新方面的专业态度。

Practical teaching in American universities constantly is developing and improving over the time.The contemporary learning theories represented by constructivism play an important role in the development of practical teaching.Research show that practical teaching models in American universities such as cooperative education,undergraduate scientific research,service-learning,and short-term overseas studies adopt the ideas,frameworks and techniques of constructivism.These trends include inquiry,cultural understanding,collaboration,knowledge innovation,and systematic support.To track the trajectories of practical teaching in American universities from the perspective of constructivism can not only help us recognize the development logic of practical teaching,but also the professional attitudes of American academics in the development and innovation of relevant theories and practice.