棒状铁镓合金磁滞特性和功耗特性分析

Analysis of Hysteresis and Power Consumption Characteristics of Fe-Ga Rod Alloy

铁镓合金的磁滞和功耗特性是研究磁致伸缩换能器工作效率的基础特性。基于霍尔效应和法拉第电磁感应定律设计了一套磁致伸缩材料磁特性自动测试系统,利用该系统分别测试了铁镓合金棒不同磁场频率和不同磁感应强度下的磁滞回线,得知矫顽力和剩磁都随磁场频率和磁感应强度的增加而增加。基于磁滞回线计算了相同磁感应强度在不同磁场频率下的电磁损耗和介质储能,通过对电磁损耗曲线进行拟合,将电磁损耗分离为磁滞、涡流和剩余损耗。结果表明:磁感应强度为1 725 m T时,磁场频率由30 Hz增至70 Hz,电磁损耗和介质储能分别增加了3.24倍和1.96倍,分离后的磁滞、涡流和剩余损耗分别增加了1.33倍、5.26倍和7.35倍。磁滞损耗所占比例由56.87%下降至31.31%,涡流损耗所占比例由32.98%上升至48.69%,剩余损耗所占比例略有上升。对于高频工作条件下的铁镓换能器,通过对铁镓棒切片处理,减小了涡流损耗,提高了铁镓换能器的工作效率。

Hysteresis and power consumption characteristics of Fe-Ga alloy is the basis of working efficiency study of magnetostrictive transducers. Based on hall effect and Faraday＇s law of electromagnetic induction,a set of automatic testing system for magnetic properties of magnetostrictive materials was designed. By using the automatic testing system,the magnetic hysteresis curve of Fe-Ga rod alloy was tested and analyzed under different magnetic field frequencies and magnetic induction intensities. And coercive force and remanence were increased when the magnetic field frequency and magnetic induction intensity were increased respectively. By the hysteresis curve of the same magnetic induction intensity under different magnetic field frequencies, electromagnetic losses and energy storage medium were calculated. Simultaneously,electromagnetic losses were separated into three main parts of hysteresis,eddy current and residual loss. It was found that when magnetic induction intensity was 1 725 m T and magnetic field frequency was increased from 30 Hz to 70 Hz,electromagnetic loss and energy storage medium were increased by 3. 24 times and 1. 96 times respectively as well as hysteresis,eddy current and residual losses which were separated by electromagnetic loss respectively were increased by 1. 33 times,5. 26 times and 7. 35 times. The proportion of hysteresis loss was fallen from 56. 87% to 31. 31%,the proportion of eddy current loss was risen from 32. 98% to 48. 69%,and the proportion of residual loss remain unchanged. For the high-frequency working conditions of Fe-Ga gallon transducer,the treatment of slicing Fe-Ga rod alloy was made to reduce the eddy current loss and improve the efficiency of Fe-Ga gallon transducer.