狮子与老鼠:述行纪录片的观念

The Lion and the Mouse: The Concept of Performative Documentary

述行纪录片具有两个基本原则:"当事人立场"和"形而下目的",这两个原则保证了这类纪录片"以言行事"的特点。以尼科尔斯为代表的述行纪录片理论,仅能满足两个基本原则中的一个,"以言行事"被曲解为"表现",先锋实验片、故事片、动画片等类型被纳入纪录片范畴,却不能从理论上充分论证。以吴沃为代表的一方并未使用"述行"的概念,但其讨论的纪录片完全符合述行纪录片的两个基本原则,这类纪录片深刻介入社会,直接参与社会事件,为尼科尔斯等理论家所不容,这一类纪录片因此也在某种意义上被忽略。认识述行纪录片现实存在的状况是我们讨论这类纪录片的基础,只有在这一基础之上,我们才有可能明辨各种西方相关理论的曲直短长。

The two principles of performative documentary-"standpoint of the party"and"practicability purpose",ensure the characteristics of"language is action"of this kind of documentary.The performative documentary theory lead by Bill Nichols only meet one these principles,and"language is action"is misunderstood as"performance".Avant-garde experimental film,feature and cartoon are categorized as documentary,but cannot be demonstrated in theories.The other group that lead by Thomas Waugh does not adopt the concept of performative,but the documentary that discussed by this group conforms both principles.This kind of documentary steps deeply in society,participates directly in social events.It is disagreed by Bill Nichols and other scholars,and is ignored on some level.The foundation of our discussion on this kind of documentary is to realize the realistic condition of performative documentary.Only built on this basis,we can make a clear discrimination on the merits and faults of related Western theories.