乳化重油高温稳定性及催化裂化反应性能研究

HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY AND FCC REACTION PROPERTY OF EMULSIFIED HEAVY OIL

建立了乳化油高温稳定性评价方法 ,利用该方法考察了各种乳状液的高温稳定性。结果表明 ,乳状液的析出水的百分比与稳定时间成正比 ,高温下由水溶性乳化剂制得的乳化油的稳定性优于由油溶性乳化剂制得的乳化油。根据高温稳定性考察和成本评价结果 ,筛选出了适用于催化裂化乳化进料的乳化剂 ,并对常压渣油及其乳化油的催化裂化反应性能进行了研究。由于乳化油进入提升管后与催化剂接触发生二次爆破雾化 ,表面活性剂 (乳化剂 )对催化裂化反应也具有强化作用 ,因而极大地改善了原料油与催化剂的接触状况 ,提高了原料的转化深度。在相同的反应条件下 ,常压渣油乳化油的转化率比常压渣油提高 4 %～ 7% ,汽油产率提高 1 %～ 4 % ,液收率提高 3 %～ 5 % ,干气产率约增加 0 .8% ,焦炭产率相差不大。在近似的转化率下 ,乳化油作为原料时的产品选择性优于常压渣油。初步分析表明 ,催化裂化装置采用乳化进料以后 。

A method for assessing stability of the emulsified heavy oil at high temperature was presented. The stabilities of several emulsions at 150 ℃ prepared using different emulsifiers with the optimal concentrations obtained from storage stability investigation were studied using this method. The results indicate that the water content separated from the emulsion is directly proportional to stabilizing time. The oil soluble emulsifier is unsuitable to emulsify the heavy oil FCC feed stock. Based on the stability and the cost analysis, the proper emulsifiers for heavy oil FCC feed stock were selected. The FCC reaction properties of emulsified oil and atmospheric residue were tested in a confined fluidized bed reactor (CFBR). According to the demolition atomization theory, secondary atomization can generate the smaller oil drops in riser. In addition, the invigorating effect of the emulsifier to FCC can promote the FCC reactions of heavy oil. The CFBR experimental results indicate that FCC reaction characteristic of the emulsion is better than that of the atmospheric residue. Under the same reaction conditions, the conversion rate of emulsified residue increased by 4 to 7 percent, and gasoline yield raised 1 to 4 percent, and LPG yield raised about 2 percent, and dry gas yield increased by about 0.8 percent, and diesel oil yield decreased by about 1 percent, and coke yield didn't change obviously. At the approximate conversion rate, the selectivity of the desired product by taking the emulsion is superior to that by taking the atmospheric residue. The emulsified feedstock for heavy oil FCC can greatly improve the economic benefit of the refinery.