明代晚期中琉海神信仰的传播及影响——以《殊域周咨录》为中心

The Spread and Influence of Sea-God Worship Between Sino-Ryukyu in the Late Ming Dynasty——Taking “Special Regions and the Neighboring Countries”as the Center

在中琉友好交往的历史进程中,兴盛于我国东南沿海的天妃等海神信仰也以多种方式逐渐传播到琉球。文章以《殊域周咨录》中所记载的,嘉靖十三年(1534)陈侃使团和嘉靖四十年(1561)郭汝霖使团渡海册封琉球事件为线索,对明代晚期中琉之间海神信仰的传播过程及影响进行了概述和探讨。明初闽人三十六姓移居琉球,促使天妃等海神信仰逐渐传承与泛化;随着明代晚期陈侃和郭汝霖等册封使团的传播,进一步扩大了琉球海神信仰的基础。中琉航海路途的险恶以及琉球以海为生的生存方式,使得海神信仰备受推崇和重视,并在琉球本土信仰文化的融合下,发展为独特的多海神信仰。

In the communication history between China and Ryukyu,the belief of Sea God, popular around our South-East coastal areas, was introduced to Ryukyu. With the records in ＂Special Regions and the Neighboring Countries＂ about Chen Kan mission （1534） and Guo Rulin mission （1561） who conferred titles for the ruler of Ryukyu as a clue,it is analyzed the influence and spreading process of the Sea God culture in the later Ming period. At the early Ming period, Min people,families with altogether 36 surnames,immigrated to Ryukyu and con- tributed the spread of Sea God culture. The diplomatic missions at the late Ming period promo- ted the foundation of this belief. The perilous sea route and their sea-dependent life style made this worship more popular. Integrating with the local belief, it developed into a special Sea God euhure.