经外侧壁入路的上颌窦底提升植骨术的并发症及其预防处理

The complications, prevention and treatment of sinus floor elevation through lateral window approach

经外侧壁入路的上颌窦底提升植骨术应用于临床已30余年，证实为疗效可靠的上颌后牙区骨增量技术。虽然该术式的并发症发生率较低，但处理不当仍有可能植骨或种植失败。术中并发症的发生并非一定放弃骨手术，恰当处理后仍可获得良好的骨增量效果。对于术后并发症，尤其是术后感染，早诊断、早干预并进行妥善处理，种植体的近期存留率仍较高。本文就经外侧壁入路的上颌窦外提升术的主要并发症的发生率、预防及处理进行讨论。

Several systematic reviews and many clinical articles have shown that maxillary sinus floor elevation through lateral window approach （LSFE） is a predictable and reliable procedure, which has been routinely performed for more than 30 years. The complication rate is low, but some cases may require additional surgery, and the outcome of implant may be affected if not treated properly. The survival rates of implants are still high after early diagnosis and proper early treatments. The purpose of this article is to discuss the intraoperative and postoperative complications of LSFE, including perforation, bleeding, postoperative infection and implant displacement into sinus with special attention to prevalence rate, prevention and treatment.