清代医家从业原因考察

Employment Reasons in Physicians of the Qing Dynasty

清代废除了明代的世医制度,使得医家的出身背景多样化,通过对医家从业原因的考察可以了解其出身背景和知识体系,为进一步理解医家的学术思想起到辅助作用。通过对文献资料的梳理与总结,认为清代医家的从业原因可概括为科举失利,弃举习医;遭逢变故,转而学医;儒官兼医,治国利民;家学渊源,世代为医四个方面。除了最后一项是传统的医学传承模式外,其他三项都可以理解为儒生的半路出家,并分析了这些从业原因对医学发展所产生的影响。

Hereditary medical system of the Ming Dynasty was abolished in the Qing Dynasty,which diversified the background of a physician. The background and knowledge system of physicians can be understood through the investigation of the reasons for their employment,which plays an auxiliary role to further understand the academic thought of physicians. By summarizing the literature,the authors think that the causes of employment in physicians of the Qing Dynasty include 4 aspects： imperial examination failure and abandoning the exam for medicine,encountering changes and turning to medicine,being confucian officials and physicians to governing the country and benefit the people,as well as influenced by a scholarly family and being physicians for generations. The last aspect is the traditional medical inheritance mode; the other three aspects can be understood as confucians switching to a new profession. The authors analyze the influence of employment reason on medicine development.