孕晚期孕妇焦虑状况及其影响路径分析

Analysis of Anxiety and Its Influenced Paths for Late Pregnant Woman

目的：探讨孕晚期孕妇焦虑状况及与觉察压力、应对方式的关系与可能的影响路径。方法：随机选取乌鲁木齐市两所综合医院产科门诊产前常规检查的孕晚期孕妇360例进行问卷测评,运用焦虑自评量表、觉察压力量表和简易应对方式问卷进行调查分析。结果：（1）有职业单位、1胎次、计划内怀孕、无流产史、高年龄（≥25岁）孕晚期孕妇焦虑得分显著低于无职业单位、≥2胎次、计划外怀孕、有流产史、低年龄（〈25岁）孕妇（t=-9.080,13.146,-15.952,7.268,9.271;P〈0.01）。不同文化程度孕晚期孕妇焦虑得分存在显著性差异（F=148.963,P〈0.01）。不同家庭关系孕晚期孕妇焦虑得分存在显著性差异（F=117.659,P〈0.01）。不同每月经济收入孕晚期孕妇焦虑得分存在显著性差异（F=45.957,P〈0.01）;（2）孕晚期孕妇焦虑与消极应对、觉察压力呈显著正相关（r=0.334,0.290;P〈0.01）,与积极应对呈显著负相关（r=-0.891,P〈0.01）;（3）应对方式在觉察压力与焦虑间具有部分中介作用,积极应对在觉察压力与焦虑间的中介效应值为0.235,占总效应的81.03%;消极应对在觉察压力与焦虑间的中介作用值为0.0451,占总效应的15.55%。结论：孕晚期孕妇焦虑情绪较为明显,降低压力水平、采取积极应对方式对减少孕晚期孕妇焦虑情绪具有积极作用。

Objective：To explore the anxiety,pressure perception,coping styles and possible influence paths for late pregnant woman.Methods：A total of 360 late pregnant women were selected at random as samples from obstetrical departments of two general hospitals in Urumqi;analysis was conducted by means of self-rating anxiety scale,scale for pressure perception and simple coping style questionnaire.Results：（1）In terms of the anxiety of late pregnant women,those who were in employment over 25 with the first time parity,planned conception and without abortion experienced lower degree of anxiety compared with others（t=-9.080,13.146,-15.952,7.268,9.271,P〈0.01）;there were also significant differences between the education（F=148.963,P〈0.01）,family relationship（F=117.659,P〈0.01）as well as monthly income（F=45.957,P〈0.01）for late pregnant women;（2）there was a positive correlation（r=0.334,0.290,P〈0.01）and a negative correlation（r=-0.891,P〈0.01）in terms of the relationship between the anxiety and negative coping as well as positive coping;（3） Coping styles played a role of intermediation between pressure perception and anxiety;the intermediation effect value of positive coping styles between pressure perception and anxiety reached 0.235 with 81.03% of the total.Conclusion：Obvious anxiety is detected for late pregnancy women while positive coping styles serve to reduce and solve the issue.