幼儿教师职业生涯阻碍的结构与特点

Kindergarten Teachers’ Characteristics and Structure on Career Obstacles

目的：了解幼儿教师职业生涯发展的结构以及特点。方法：采用自编问卷,对219名幼儿教师进行测评,不同类型幼儿教师的生涯阻碍特点。结果：（1）幼儿教师职业生涯阻碍的结构包含成长需求障碍、晋升障碍、职业认同障碍、工作情感衰竭、工作适应障碍5个因素;（2）幼儿教师在晋升障碍,工作情感衰竭和工作适应障碍上有显著的年龄差异（F=2.61,4.08,3.48;P〈0.05）;（3）在晋升障碍,职业认同障碍,工作情感衰竭和工作适应障碍上幼儿教师教龄有显著的差异（F=4.32,2.28,4.26,5.50;P〈0.05）;（4）不同学历的幼儿教师只在成长需求障碍上差异显著（F=3.17,P〈0.05）;（5）不同办园体制的幼儿教师在生涯阻碍各维度上有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论：（1）在年龄、教龄上幼儿教师职业生涯阻碍存在显著差异,且具有阶段性的特征;（2）幼儿园的性质显著影响幼儿教师的职业发展;（3）幼儿教师在36~40岁是职业生涯的一个转折点,在该年龄段有显著的晋升障碍,工作适应障碍和工作情感衰竭;（4）工作2年和工作16~20年是工作适应的转折点。

Objective：To study the structure and characteristics of the preschool teachers＇ career development.Methods：We employed self-develop kindergarten teachers＇ career barriers questionnaire to investigate the structure and characteristics of 219 kindergarten teachers＇ career barriers in Liaoning Province.Results：（1）Career barriers of preschool teacher mainly included five factors.They were growth needs impediment,obstruction of promotion,professional identity impediment,work emotional exhaustion,work adjustment impediment etc;（2）Preschool teachers in the obstruction of promotion,work emotional exhaustion and work adaption obstruction had significant age differences（F=2.61,4.08,3.48;P〈0.05）;（3）Preschool teachers in the obstruction of promotion,professional identity impediment,work emotional exhaustion and work adaption obstruction had significant differences of school age（F=4.32,2.28,4.32,2.28;P〈0.05）;（4）The different degree of preschool teachers had a significant difference in the growing demand for obstacle（F=3.17,P〈0.05）;（5）Different constitutions of kindergarten preschool teachers in the career of blocking the dimensions had significant differences（P〈0.01）.Conclusion：（1）Career obstacle of kindergarten teachers exists differences in age,school age,but also has the characteristic of stage;（2）The nature of kindergarten significantly influence the occupation development of kindergarten teachers;（3）Kindergarten teachers in the 36~40 years of age is a turning point of the occupation career;（4）Working for 2 years and 16~20 years are the turning point of work adjustment.