农业技术推广体系的困境摆脱与策应

The Get-rid-of and the Reply of Agricultural Technology Extension System

在2003年初对全国7个省28个县随机抽样调查的基础上,于2016年底开展了新一轮的全国7个省28个县农技推广体系的随机抽样调查。研究发现,新一轮的改革提高了农民接受政府部门农业技术推广服务的比例,解决了农技队伍知识老化和人才断层的问题,使农技队伍年龄结构更趋于合理,提高了农技人员的下乡时间,政府部门为农民提供了更多的技术服务。与此同时,调查也发现,改革不仅未使农技推广行政化减弱反而加强,而激励机制缺失和人事制度改革未能促使农技人员更好地从事本职工作。为此,应改革现行的人事制度,建设一支稳定的农业技术推广队伍,加快农技推广去行政化,重建县级农作物病虫害防治预测预报等公共服务系统。

A random sample survey of agricultural extension system was conducted in 28 counties in seven provinces at the end of 2016, which was based on a similar random sample survey conducted at the beginning of 2003. Results show that those reforms have increased the proportion of farmers receiving agricultural extension service from the government sectors, solved the problems of knowledge obsolescence and shortage of talents, and rationalized the age structure of agricultural extension staff, as well as increased the time the agents spent in the villages, and the government sectors have provided more technical services to farmers. Meanwhile, the survey also found that those reforms have enhanced the administerization of agricultural extension rather than weakened it, and the lack of incentive mechanism and personnel system reform failed to make the agents concentrate on their duties. We should reform the current personnel system, build a stable agricultural extension staff, de-administerize agricultural extension, and re-establish the county-level public crop pest monitoring and forecasting system.