轮作联用生物有机肥促进香蕉生长

Rotation combined with bio-organic fertilizer application to promote banana growth

为促进连作蕉园恢复香蕉高效栽培,采集连作蕉园土壤,利用盆栽实验研究连作蕉园土壤轮作菠萝与玉米联合生物有机肥施用,对连作土壤理化性质、可培养微生物和总细菌、总真菌数量及下茬香蕉生长的影响.结果显示：较之香蕉连作对照,连作土壤轮作菠萝或玉米后再植香蕉,其叶片数、株高、茎粗、叶面积、地下部鲜重和地上部鲜重均有不同程度提高,其中株高和叶面积显著高于连作对照处理,轮作菠萝处理促生效果优于轮作玉米处理;联合生物有机肥施用后,进一步促进了香蕉的生长;菠萝和玉米轮作后均对土壤pH有一定影响,菠萝-香蕉处理和玉米-香蕉处理土壤pH值高于对照,且菠萝-香蕉处理效果优于玉米-香蕉处理;菠萝-香蕉和玉米-香蕉处理土壤可培养镰刀菌属数量均减少,根际可培养芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的数量均增加,且菠萝-香蕉处理提高了土壤总细菌拷贝数.本研究表明菠萝和玉米轮作均能显著改善连作香蕉土壤生态环境,促进下茬香蕉生长,缓解连作生物障碍,并且联合生物有机肥施用后效果更优.

The effects of rotation with pineapple and maize combined with bio-organic fertilizer application（two strategies that can efficiently prevent and control continuous cropping obstacle） on banana（Musa nana） growth were determined by collecting the soil from a banana monoculture orchard for conducting pot experiments across two seasons; the effect of rotation combined with bio-organic fertilizer application on soil physical and chemical properties, cultivable microbe number, total fungi and bacteria, and succeeding banana growth were also investigated. Results showed that, compared to control banana monoculture, bananas planted following pineapple or maize rotation applied with organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer showed improved leaf number, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and underground and aboveground fresh weight, among which plant height and leaf area were significantly higher than those of the control. In addition, the effect of pineapple rotation was better than that of maize rotation; the growth of banana was further promoted after the application of bio-organic fertilizer. Pineapplebanana system and maize-banana system both increased the soil pH value, and pineapple-banana system was more effective. Compared with banana monoculture treatment, pineapple and maize rotation decreased cultivable Fusarium amounts in each crop planting season and increased the amounts of cultivable Bacillus and Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the pineapple-banana system increased the total soil bacterial copy number. In conclusion, pineapple and maize rotation could significantly improve the ecological environment of banana continuous cropping soil, enhance succeeding banana growth, and relieve continuous cropping obstacle; in addition, combining rotation and bio-organic fertilizer application showed more effective results.