长江上游水库群联合调度中的泥沙问题

Sediment issues in joint dispatch of reservoir group in upper Yangtze River

长江上游已形成以三峡水库为核心的世界上规模最大的巨型水库群,2012年开始实施上述水库群的联合调度。分析了水库群联合调度中,与水库泥沙密切关联的汛期防洪、汛末蓄水和汛前消落调度方案及其对水库泥沙带来的影响。在较为深入、系统地研究了长江泥沙变化规律及其原因、水库淤积和长江中下游河床冲刷特性的基础上,对水库群联合调度中面临的水库淤积与长期使用问题,以三峡水库为例,提出了精细化的"蓄清排浑"和库尾减淤等泥沙调度方法。对水库群水沙联调,促进流域泥沙合理配置以及水库群联合调度条件下的泥沙问题与应对措施等提出了建议。

The largest reservoir group that centers on the Three Gorges Reservoir in the world is gradually formed in the upper Yangtze River,which began joint reservoir dispatch in 2012. Some sediment related issues in the joint dispatch are discussed such as water level control in flood period,water impoundment in the end of flood season and water discharge before the flood season. We systematically analyze the cause of sediment variation in the Yangtze River Basin and the features of reservoir deposition and scouring at lower reaches. Based on this,for the Three Gorges Reservoir,we make a finer operation solution that is conducting deposition reduction at reservoir tail and the impounding clear water and discharging sediment-carried water,by which we can effectively solve the issues of sediment deposition and long term use of reservoirs. Furthermore,we put forward some suggestions for optimal arrangement of the sediment resources and the joint dispatch of sediment and water.