γPNA一种新型高效的肽核酸

γPNA——A New Type of High Efficient Peptide Nucleic Acid

肽核酸（peptide nucleic acid,PNA）是一种人工合成的具有类多肽骨架的DNA类似物,具有与核酸结合特异性强、组织和细胞内生物稳定性好、半衰期长等优点。通过靶向结合DNA/RNA而抑制其复制、转录和翻译过程,进行基因调控。在PNA骨架结构中γ位点引入带手性的官能团,能形成右手螺旋结构,显著提高其与靶DNA/RNA的杂交特性,这种PNA衍生物称之为γPNA。γPNA的溶解性、热稳定性和特异性等化学与生物学特性明显改善,在基因编辑和作为探针检测等方面具有良好的应用前景。通过对γPNA结构、性质及其研究进展进行总结,以期为γPNA反义应用提供理论依据和参考。

Peptide nucleic acid （PNA） is a synthetic analogue of DNA with the pseudopeptide backbone, which has the advantages of strong binding specificity with nucleic acid, high biological stability in tissues and cells and long half-life. By targeting DNA,/RNA binding, PNA could inhibit the replication, transcription and translation of DNA/RNA. Chiral functional groups were introduced at gamma sites of the skeleton structure of PNA to form right-handed helical structures, which significantly improved the hybridization with targeting DNA/ RNA, and this PNA derivative was called gamma PNA. The solubility, thermal stability and specificity of gamma PNA have been improved remarkably, and it has a good prospect in gene editing and probe detection. The structure, properties and research progress of gamma PNA are summarized, which provides theoretical basis and references for antisense PNA application.