基于温控负荷电价响应的配用电交互影响分析

Interaction Effect of Distribution Network and Users Based on Thermostat Controlled Load Responding to Price Signals

售电市场开放条件下,实施基于电价的需求响应(demand response,DR)有利于充分调动用户的积极性,使其主动参与到负荷调控中去,实现电力系统的削峰填谷,保证其安全经济运行。文章以居民空调为研究对象,首先建立了居民空调负荷的数学模型,分析了其单体和聚合负荷的响应特性;在此基础上,引入基于实时电价(real-time pricing,RTP)的线性化居民空调交互式需求响应控制策略,实现对单台空调的控制。为了量化交互式需求响应策略对用户侧和电网侧的影响,提出了温度越限时间百分比、高峰时段负荷削减比、高峰时段馈线注入有功功率削减比、高峰时段网损削减比这4个指标。仿真结果表明,在不影响空调用户舒适度的前提下,基于实时电价的线性化居民空调交互式需求响应策略能有效实现削峰的作用,减少馈线有功功率注入和系统网络损耗。

Under the condition of opening the electricity market,the implementation of price based demand response（ DR） is conducive to fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of users,making them participate in load regulation and achieving the goal of peak load cutting in power system,maintaining its safe and economic operation. This paper takes the residential air conditioning model as the research object and establishes the mathematical model for the residential air conditioning load.Then the response characteristics of the monomer and the polymerization load are analyzed. On this basis,the linearized interactive demand response strategy of residential air conditioning based on real-time pricing（ RTP） is applied to realize the active control of the load. Four indexes including the percentage of the temperature over upper limit time,the load reduction ratio during the peak period,the total active power reduction ratio and the network loss reduction ratio during the peak period are developed to quantify the impact of the strategy on the demand side and the power supply side. The simulation results showthat without affecting the comfort of air conditioning users,the linearized interactive demand response strategy of residential air conditioning based on RTP can effectively achieve the role of peak cutting,reducing the feeder active power injection and system power loss.