国际象棋与纳博科夫的小说叙事

Chess and Nabokov’s Novel Narrative

纳博科夫是20世纪杰出的小说文体家,同时一生热爱国际象棋。国际象棋不仅作为其小说的描写对象,参与到主题的建构中,同时影响了他小说的叙事。从最初的棋局式模仿,到将棋局的非线性策略运用到小说叙事中,再到在小说中制造棋局般的＂多重可能世界＂,纳博科夫小说叙事将读者纳入到如同做局者与破局者的文本解读＂游戏＂中。如果说,纳博科夫早期的小说创作,尚在形式层面与棋局有着明显的模仿关系,其后期的小说叙事则更多地在深层次的、思考的层面上呈现出与棋局的内在关联性。

As an outstanding novelist and stylist in the 20ts century, Nabokov has a passion for chess all his life. Chess not only serves as the object of Nabokov＇ s novels, but also participates in the construction of the theme. More importantly, chess has a profound influence on the novel narrative throughout Nabokov＇ s entire career as a writer. The relationship between chess and his novel narrative is distinctive and has gone through several stages of development. In Nabokov＇ s early works, the narrative shows the imitation of chess game. Then, the non-linear strategy of the chess game is applied to the narrative. In the third stage, chess-like ＂multiple possible world＂ is manufactured in Nabokov＇ s novels, and readers are brought into the ＂game＂ of interpreting the texts with the author as the game-maker. If Nabokov＇s early novels have a clear formal imitation of chess, his later works no longer limited to this formal imitation. Instead, the novel narrative shows an intrinsic relevance of the chess game in a deep and thinking level.