乔伊斯小说非本质主义民族认同的多维度建构

Multi-dimensional Construction of Non-Essentialist National Identity in James Joyce's Novels

非本质主义民族认同不关注政治、战争和民族起义等本质要素,而注重文化、艺术和语言等要素在民族认同中的建构作用。詹姆斯·乔伊斯主要从灵显叙事、城市表征和多元文化等多维度建构小说中的非本质主义民族认同。在故事层面,乔伊斯忽略了典型的民族英雄和民族情绪的宣泄,而是通过灵显叙事中的反英雄展现民族认同的"缺失";在空间书写上,乔伊斯通过城市中随处隐现的英国殖民统治的"图腾",表征爱尔兰民族认同的"消解";在话语与文化层面,乔伊斯从不列颠"他者"文化和多元文化呈现爱尔兰民族认同的"杂糅"。乔伊斯非本质主义民族认同的核心思想是解构传统民族认同的"逻各斯",实则是爱尔兰民族认同一种"缺席的"在场。

Non-essentialist national identity focuses on such elements as arts,culture and language rather than on essentialist elements like politics,wars and national uprisings. James Joyce constructs a non-essentialist national identity mainly through hauntological narratives,city representation and multi-culturalism. On the story level,James Joyce employs hauntological narratives to construct an "absent"national identity through stories of antiheros. In the narrative space,Joyce employs the British colonial "totems"implicitly buried in the city space to "evacuate"Irishenss. On the discoursive and cultural level,Joyce employs British culture as the "other"to rewrite the "hybridity"of Irish identity. Joyce's non-essentialist national identity lies in his deconstructive assumption of the traditional "logos"in national identity,which is absolutely an "absent"presence of Irish national identity.