环境噪声对儿童短时记忆力和注意力的影响

Effects of environment noise on children’s short-term memory and attention stability

通过实验室研究探讨了不同噪声源在不同声压级条件下对儿童短时记忆力和注意力的影响。在每一个实验中都选取了30名7-10岁的儿童作为被试,在他们完成相应认知任务的同时,用耳机随机播放35-65 dBA的交通噪声、白噪声和空调噪声,考察各种噪声条件对被试认知成绩和主观烦恼度的影响。研究结果表明,噪声对儿童的影响主要体现在主观烦恼度的变化上,不同的噪声条件并没有引起作业成绩的显著差异。影响儿童主观烦恼度的主要因素是声压级,随着声压级的增大,儿童的烦恼度会增加,当声压级在45-50 dBA时,儿童对噪声开始产生烦恼感,当声压级在60-65 dBA时,儿童对噪声产生了较显著的烦恼感。声压级对儿童烦恼度的影响没有随着噪声源的改变而改变。在相同的噪声条件下,短时记忆力实验中儿童的主观烦恼度都高于注意力实验,说明随着认知过程复杂程度的增加,噪声引起的烦恼度会相应增加。

In this study, how the different noise sources and noise levels affect children＇s attention and short-term memory was explored by two experiments respectively. In each experiment 30 children from 7-10 years old participated in and they were asked to finish certain cognitive tasks while white noise, air-conditioner noise and road traffic noise were broadcasted randomly. The noise level of each noise source varied from 35 dBA to 65 dBA with a step of 5 dB, which simulated ordinary noise level in indoor conditions. The results showed that compared with task performance, subjective annoyance evaluation was more sensitive to noise effects. Noise level significantly affected children＇s noise annoyance evaluation whatever noise source was. Children showed a little annoyed when noise level was at 45 50 dBA and showed apparent annoyance when noise level was 60-65 dBA. The adverse effects of environment noise to children＇ s short-term memory was more obvious than that of attention, which showed more complicated of the cognitive process, more adverse effects brought by noise though it needed to be proved by further studies.