露天矿区土壤基质改良材料研究进展

Research Advance of Soil Amelioration Materials in Opencast Mines

土壤基质改良是露天矿区土地复垦与生态重建的核心内容,如何充分利用矿区本地自然资源进行土壤基质改良是当前关注的热点问题。根据材料特性和来源将土壤基质改良材料分为表土、表土替代材料及复配土3大类,归纳总结了不同类型土壤基质改良材料在矿区土地复垦中的应用现状和存在问题。表土是土壤基质改良的首要选择,但仅适用于土源充足的矿区;表土替代材料有效地解决了土壤基质改良过程中表土不足的问题,同时实现了矿区固体废弃物的资源化利用,但表土替代材料的筛选和配制需在全面调查和分析上覆岩石和土壤理化性质的基础上进行;复配土的应用具有一定的地域性,不同土壤之间在性质上的交互作用是复配成土的前提和关键。目前,对于适宜不同区域类型的矿区土壤基质改良材料的研究不够全面,关于露天矿区土壤基质改良所面临的共性问题研究较少,表土和植物种子库的收集和保存要求不够明确。在此基础上,提出了露天矿区土壤基质改良材料研究亟需解决的问题:选择适宜的土壤基质改良材料,明确提出表土和植物种子库的收集和保存要求,加强土壤基质改良共性问题的研究。此外,配制不同类型的表土替代材料和复配土进行土壤基质改良应将是未来研究的重点。

Soil substrate amelioration is the key content in implementing land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation in opencast mines.How to take advantage of natural resources to improve soil substrate has become a hot issue of the present research.Soil substrate amelioration materials were classified to three types： topsoil,topsoil substitutes,and remixed soil,based on material properties and sources.The utilization and shortage of different soil substrate amelioration materials in soil substrate of mining areas were discussed as well.Topsoil was the first choice of soil improvement,but only applicable to mining areas with abundant soil.The topsoil substitutes not only effectively solved the problem of topsoil shortage in the process of soil substrate amelioration,but also realized the resource utilization of the solid waste in opencast mines at the same time.But selection and preparation of topsoil substitutes should be based on a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the overlying rock and soil physical and chemical properties The nature of interaction between different soils is the premise and key for remixed soil,which appeared distinctive regional features.It was pointed out that the study of soil substrate amelioration materials suitable for different areas was not comprehensive enough,the comprehensive problem faced by opencast mines was less,requirements for the collection and preservation of topsoil and plant seed banks was not clear enough.On the basis of this,the focus of the future research and the urgent need to solve the problem in soil amelioration in opencast mines was put forward.It mainly includes selection the proper materials for soil amelioration according to the changeable circumstances,requirements clearly about gathering and storing topsoil and seed banks and reinforcement common problems of soil substrate amelioration.Furthermore,the development of different types of topsoil substitutes and remixed soil based on mine solid waste should be the focus of future research.