基于风蚀模型的准东地区土壤风蚀研究

Research and application of wind erosion model in Zhundong area

文中选取准噶尔盆地东部(准东)为研究区,以土地利用类型、气象数据为基础,结合实地监测与调查,基于中科院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所的大田推广模型,定量计算各类地表在不同植被和风力条件下的土壤风蚀模数,分析准东地区土壤风蚀状况。结果表明:准东地区土壤风蚀模数呈现未利用地(风蚀模数6456.17t·km^(-2)·a^(-1))>林草地(风蚀模数3437.32t·km^(-2)·a^(-1))>耕地(风蚀模数758.71t·km^(-2)·a^(-1));土壤风蚀主要发生月份为4月和5月,占全年风蚀量的52%。模型模拟的准东地区年风蚀总量达10194.28万t,平均风蚀模数4571.43t·km^(-2)·a^(-1)。为验证模型模拟的准确性,用测钎法实测准东地区土壤风蚀模数,模型模拟值与实测之间的误差分析表明模型的精确性达84%以上,证明该模型可用于该区域土壤风蚀监测。

This research is a case study on the area of east Junggar Basin of Xinjiang（ Zhundong area）. With different land-use types and meteorological data,as well as the data from field observation and investigation,by comparing of the wind erosion models all over the world,the author selected the model of wind tunnel experiments for the basic model,and quantitatively calculated soil wind erosion modulus for all kinds of land-use types based on the actual condition of study area. The results of simulation showed that the soil wind erosion modulus have an obvious law： unutilized land（ wind erosion modulus 6456. 17 t · km^（-2）·a^（-1）） 〉grassland（ 3437. 32 t·km^（-2）·a^（-1））〉 cultivated land（ 758. 71 t·km^（-2）·a^（-1））. Soil wind erosion occurs mainly in April and May,accounting for 52% of the annual amount of wind erosion. The occurrence of wind erosion concentrates in the specific month,and the wind erosion amount is large. The average erosion modulus wasis 4571. 43 t/（ km2·a）,with wind erosion amount reaching 101. 94 million tons. In order to verify the accuracy of the models,this simulation results were compared with the same period results of validation. The final conclusion is that system operation precision can reach more than 84%,proving that the model in the study area had good applicability,and it also can generally meeting the demand of regional soil erosion monitoring.