美国实习指导教师的选拔：标准、过程及其启示--什么样的教师可以成为教师教育者

The Selection of Mentor of USA and Implication——What Kind of Teacher Can Be Teacher Educator

实习计划的成功关键在于选拔优秀实习指导教师。在美国,实习指导教师选拔标准在教学经验、课堂教学能力和教师的交流能力等方面莫衷一是。选拔过程,有的州注重课堂教学的观察和面试,而有的州则更注重提问和答辩环节。美国实习指导教师选拔过程的混乱导致实习指导教师素质参差不齐,实习指导效果差强人意。给我们的启示是:应该制定实习指导教师选拔制度,提升实习效果;明确统一的选拔标准,确保高质量的实习指导教师;规范选拔过程,促进优秀实习指导教师脱颖而出;合作完成实习指导教师选拔,教育主管部门、大学和中小学校各司其职。

The key of success of the internship will rely on the high-quality mentors. In America, selection standards of mentors don＇t fix among instruction experience, classroom instruction and communicative ability of teacher. In process of selections, some states emphasizing observation and interview about classroom instruction, some states emphasizing questioning and talking about mentors themselves. In USA, due to the standards of selection are caprice, the processes of selection are random. A lot of mentors are low-quality and the effects of internships aren＇t good. It tells us that we should set institutions of selection of mentor to promote the effects of internships, develop standards of selection to insure the mentors as good as possible, manage the process to find out the excellence mentor as far as we can, and cooperate works of the selection of mentor by educational officer, university and school.