被遗忘权的解析与构建:作为网络时代信息价值纠偏机制的研究

Analysis and Construction of the Right to be Forgotten: A Research on a Mechanism of Information Value Rectification in the Era of Internet

欧盟《一般数据保护条例》所规定的"删除权‘被遗忘权’"是删除权与被遗忘权的混合,两种权利在权能、适用范围、受克减性等方面有重大差异。被遗忘权源于自然人获得谅解、维持人格特质,以及保护人格尊严与个人生活的需求,以因应网络社会信息去中心化、存储永久化和获取便利化的挑战。信息目的性限制原则,应以信息价值视阈分析判断。当信息处理价值低于主体人格价值时,被遗忘权即有适用之余地。但信息类型、决策目的、使用场景可对信息价值带来影响。被遗忘权具有必要性和不可替代性,应以信息价值和生命周期为基础构建权利体系,删除作为处置措施应有终极性和谦抑性。被遗忘权应与言论和信息自由、历史和统计研究需要,以及公共利益之间进行利益衡量。

The ＂right to erase（ right to be forgotten） ＂ in the EU＇s ＂General Data Protection Regulation＂ is a mixture of the right to erase and the right to be forgotten. There are significant differences between the two rights in terms of their functions,scope of application and derogation.The right to be forgotten derives from natural persons＇ needs of reacceptance by the society,maintenance of personal identity,as well as the protection of human dignity and personal life,in the face of the challenge of the decentralization,permanence of storage and easy accessibility of information in the internet era. The principle of purposeful restriction of information shall be analyzed in the light of information value. When the processing value of information is lower than the subject＇s personality value,there is room for the right to be forgotten. However,the type of information,the purpose of decision-making,and the scenarios of usage can have impact on the value of information. The right to be forgotten is both necessary and irreplaceable. The system of right should be based on the information value and life cycle. Deletionas a measure of disposal should be ultimate and modest. The right to be forgotten should be balanced with freedom of expression and information,historical and statistical research needs and the public interests.