20卷本《诗集传》朱熹自创音切考辨

On the Yinqie Created by Zhu Xi: Based on the 20 Volumes of Shi Ji Zhuan

利用历代经籍音释、佛经音义资料研究汉语语音史,部分成果未尽惬人意,其主要症结是忽略研究对象音切的复杂性,将同质、异质成分等而视之。采用剥离法和比较法,对20卷本《诗集传》2 490个非叶音音切穷尽式考察的结果发现,仅有22个反映宋代时音嬗变的音切是朱熹自创的,约占总数的0.88%。令人遗憾的是,这22个自创音切所反映的实际语音特征,在宋代其他音韵文献或诗文用韵中均有体现。另外2 468个音切,则完全承袭或脱胎于以《经典释文》为主的前代音注和韵书、字书。因此,20卷本《诗集传》在宋代语音史研究中的价值,很值得重新评估。经籍音释、佛经音义资料的研究方法及其对汉语语音史研究的价值,亦需要深刻的反思和审慎的考量。

The results of Chinese historical phonology study are not satisfactory by using ancient pronunciation interpretation or audio and video information.The neglect of the complexity of the subject’s Yinqie(音切)and failure to discriminate the homogeneous and heterogeneous sounds could be the main cruxes of the problem.The author mainly uses stripping and the comparative methods to investigate 2490 pieces of non-Xieyin(非叶音)Yinqie from 20 volumes of Shi Ji Zhuan(《诗集传》)to reviewand explore the method of research on the materials and to observe and assess their value in the study of the history of Chinese phonology.According to the results,22 pieces of non-Xieyin Yinqie which reflected the evolution of the pronunciation in the Song dynasty was created by Zhu-xi,only accounting for0.88%.However,the actual phonetic features reflected by them are also shown in other phonological documents or verses in the Song Dynasty.The other 2468 pieces of non-Xieyin Yinqie then completely inherited or were derived of the predecessor notes,rhyme books and character books such as Jing Dian Shi Wen(《经典释文》).Therefore,the value of 20 volumes of Shi Ji Zhuan is worth reevaluating.The study shed light on the reflection and consideration of the methods of research on the transliteration of classic books and the pronunciation interpretation of Buddhist Sutra,and the value of Chinese phonology history.