基于超效率DEA模型的中国区域环境效率时空差异研究

Spatial-temporal differences of regional environmental efficiency in China based on super efficiency DEA model

以中国各省域为研究对象,基于超效率DEA模型测算了2004-2012年的环境效率,结合Malmquist指数模型对评价期间的环境效率动态分析。结果表明:2004-2012年间东部、中部、西部和东北部环境效率均值差异明显,效率值大小顺序为:东部>东北部>中部>西部。从各区域比较来看,环境效率均值排名前五位的区域分别为:云南、北京、辽宁、海南、天津。排在后五位的区域分别为:新疆、山西、内蒙古、贵州、甘肃。东部区域明显处于领先地位,而西部区域除了云南的环境效率有效外,其余均未在生产前沿面上,西部区域的经济和环境发展陷入两难地步;研究期间,东、中、西和东北部的Malmquist指数和技术变化均呈现了"M"形变动,技术进步是环境提升的主要动力,从纯技术效率变化趋势看,各区域环境管理能力有待提升;从规模效率看,各区域经济结构亟需调整,以达到最佳经济规模。

We established input - output indexes firstly of regional environmental efficiency based on DEA mod- el, and evaluated the environmental efficiency of 30 areas in China from 2004 to 2012 by using super efficiency DEA model. Then the dynamic comparative study of environmental efficiency has been done by Malmquist index model. The results show that the mean values of regional environmental efficiency were different obviously among eastern, central, western and northeastern regions. The rank order of mean efficiency was as follows in turn： eastern, northeastern, central and western area. Based on provincial environmental efficiency rank, the top five regions were： Yunnan, Beijing, Liaoning, Hainan and Tianjin; and the last five regions were： Xinjiang, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou and Gansu. The efficiency in eastern part was significantly higher than other regions. In western region, only Yunnan＇s mean environmental efficiency was greater than other provinces during the time of 2004 to 2012. Both the development of economy and environment were in the dilemma in western region. Malmquist index and technology changes in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions showed M- shape, and technological progress was the main driving force that enhanced the environmental efficiency. The change trend of pure technical efficiency indicated that the capability of regional environmental management should be improved. Scale efficiency has not played a positive role in regional environmental efficiency. Then regional economic structure needs adjustment so as to achieve the optimal scale economic goals.