榆神府矿区典型河流径流量变化特征分析

Temporal changes in annual runoff of typical rivers in Yu-Sheng-Fu mining area and influential factors

应用径流量历时曲线、累积距平曲线、MK曲线、降雨量-径流量双累积曲线等方法对榆神府矿区典型河流秃尾河及窟野河年径流量变化特征进行分析。结果表明:秃尾河、窟野河径流量年内分配不均,丰水期集中在每年的3-4月份和7-8月份。1961-2013年间3-4月径流量占全年的比例变化不大,7-8月径流量占全年的比例逐步减小,减小幅度为7%、18%;年径流量表现出显著的下降趋势,降雨量呈不显著下降趋势;秃尾河及窟野河径流量在1979年和1992年具有显著突变点,原因是受人类活动影响开始显著,且影响程度随时间呈上升趋势;虽然窟野河径流量受人类活动影响开始的时间晚于秃尾河,但其受人类活动影响的程度明显高于秃尾河(分别为56%和30%)。结合海流兔河(无煤炭开采)径流量变化特征及煤炭资源开发状况,间接证明了高强度煤炭资源开采是河川径流量减少的关键因素。

Annual runoff change characteristics of Tuwei river and Kuye river in Yu - Shen - Fu mining area from 1961 to 2013 were analyzed by using runoff duration curve, cumulative departure curve, MK curve and rainfall - runoff double cumulative curve. The results showed that the distribution of runoff was not uniform ; the wet period is March to April, and July to August. The proportion of runoff in March - April to annual runoff changed little, and the proportion of runoff in July - August gradually reduced. The annual runoff showed a significant downward trend, and the rainfall showed the same trend with no significance. The variation of runoff in the Tuwei river and Kuye river had a typical mutation point, which was in 1979 and 1992, and affected by human activities significantly later. The human influence on annual runoff was increased with time and the beginning time （1979） in Tuwei river was earlier than the time （ 1992 ） in Kuye river, but the degree of influence （56%） of human activities for Kuye river was significantly higher than that of Tuwei river（30% ） . High strength exploitation of coal resources was the key factor leading to the decrease of river runoff according to the annual variations of runoffs of the Hailiutu river （ no coal mining） and the coal production in these areas.