日本保育士专业化制度建设及其成效

Japanese Construction of Childcare Worker Professionalization System and its Effectiveness

保育士在日本学前教育发展中占有重要地位。长期以来,日本在保育士专业化制度的建设中取得了显著的成效。具体体现在多元化的保育士培养体制、保育士国家考试制度、保育士资格证书制度、政府严格监管与高度自主并存且与政府财政补助挂钩的在职研修制度等方面。同时,参加保育士考试的考生专业知识和实践能力缺失、保育士实践能力偏弱、新任保育士的培训制度不够完善等因素又都制约着保育士专业化的进一步发展。因此,推进保育士专业化制度建设,应采取提升经济待遇、提高职业声望、改进考试制度、制定保育士专业标准等制度创新策略。

Childcare workers have an important position in the development of Japa- system of childcare workers, the joint force of strict governmental supervision and high au- tonomy, and the in-service study system linking to governmental financial aid, etc. Howev- er, such factors as the lack of professional knowledge and practice of the examinees, the weak ability of practice of childcare workers and the imperfection of the training system for the new childcare workers restrict the further development of childcare worker professional- ization. Therefore, in order to promote the construction of childcare worker professionaliza- tion system, innovative strategies such as improving economic treatments, enhancing occupational reputation, improving examination system, and establishing professional standards of childcare workers should be adopted.