马克思主义人类学视野中的文化批评理论

The Cultural Criticism Theory under the Vision of Marxist Anthropology

伊格尔顿将人类学批评列为马克思主义文学批评四种形态中的首位,而文化批评则是马克思主义人类学批评在当代的主要表现形式。从人类学学科的发展来看,它的研究方向已发生了从异文化或原始文化到自身文化的转向,这意味着马克思主义人类学与文化人类学在当代取得了共同的问题域,人类学理论成为文化批评的内在逻辑。马克思主义将文化视为整个人类生活的观点,是沟通马克思主义人类学与文化批评的关键,这使文化批评获得了宏阔的哲学人类学视野,对于明确文化批评在马克思主义思想中的理论定位以及研究马克思主义人类学思想的当代发展,都具有巨大的学术意义。

Eagleton put Anthropological Criticism in the first place of the four forms of Marx's literary criticism. And in the criticism of Marx's anthropology, the theory of cultural criticism became the most important content of criticism since the twentieth Century. From the view point of the contemporary development of anthropology, the focus of the study has shifted from the artistic features and functions of the art origin, the culture of foreign countries or the original culture to the contemporary culture, which means that the contemporary Marx anthropology and the non-Marx's anthropology have obtained a common problem domain. To study the cultural criticism by Marx's anthropological perspective, not only embodies the culture as the human life, but also gives Western cultural criticism theory a philosophical anthropology perspective in the twentieth century. It is of great academic significance to grasp the spiritual essence of the cultural criticism theory and the contemporary development of Marx's thought of anthropology.