历史唯物论用于现实经济分析的局限:以生产力和生产关系之互动为例

Limitations of Historical Materialism Used in Economic Analysis:Take the Interaction between Productive Force and Production Relation as Example

马克思经济学的分析思维根植于历史唯物主义,但将历史唯物论直接应用于现实经济的分析却会遇到很大障碍。主要体现为:(1)生产力和生产关系等基本概念的内涵存在重大歧义,并且在拓展过程中出现外延交叉;(2)生产力和生产关系之间并不存在一元而单向的因果关系和作用机制,由此导致分析社会问题变得更加复杂;(3)历史唯物主义因嵌入自然主义思维而在历史预告中存在问题,乃至会蜕化为社会达尔文主义而看不到问题的存在;(4)历史唯物主义主要适用于对历史发展的描述和预测以及社会出现尖锐矛盾时的宏观大势分析,而不适合对具体的微观问题进行分析和解决。事实上,在社会经济关系总体上平和的当今时期,马克思经济学中更值得承继和发展的是那些发现和解决具体问题的高次元思维而不是预告未来和推动社会革命的历史唯物论。

The analytical thinking of Marxist economics is rooted in historical materialism. However, applying historical materialism directly to the analysis of real economy encounters great obstacles, which mainly reflects as fol- lows： the connotation of basic concepts such as productive forces and production relations have major ambiguities, and even intercross with each other in the process of extension; there is no monistic and unidirectional causal rela- tionship and functional mechanism between productive forces and production relations, which leads to the analysis of social problems more complicated; due to embedded naturalistic thinking, historical materialism faces with serious problem of forecasting the future of human society, and even degenerates into social Darwinism that can＇t see the ex- istence of the problem; historical materialism is mainly applicable to the description and prediction of historical de- velopment as well as to the analysis of macro-situation when the society appears sharp contradictions, but not suitable for analyzing and solving specific micro-problems. In fact, in the current period in which social and economic rela- tions are generally peaceful, it is more worthy to inherit and develop the high- level thinking in Marxist economics to resolve specific problems rather than the historical materialism to predict the future and promote social revolution.