新中国成立以来社会救助政策变迁:历程、原因与趋势——基于间断—均衡理论的视角

Changes in Social Assistance Policy Since the Founding of New China:Process,Cause and Trend——Based on the Perspective of Discontinuous Equilibrium Theory

新中国成立以来的社会救助政策发展呈现出间断—均衡模型的非线性变迁特征。在跨度近七十年的变迁中,社会救助出现了三次政策剧变的间断期。根据间断—均衡理论中对政策变迁制度—价值的归因分析,本文结合我国国情与社会救助政策变迁历程对该分析框架进行了修正。以我国社会救助政策自上而下强制型变迁的整体特征为前提,意识形态、执政者价值选择和经济体制改革、政治体制改革是引发间断性变迁的重要因素。这些因素导致政策形象与政策场域之间的强化或冲突,造成了政策变迁过程中的均衡期与间断期。在回顾新中国成立以来社会救助政策变迁历程、分析变迁原因的基础上,提出了对社会救助政策发展趋势的构想。

Since the founding of new China, the development of social assistance policy presents the characteristics of the nonlinear change of the discontinuous equilibrium model. During the transition of nearly seventy years, there were three discontinuous periods of policy upheaval in social assistance. The transformation of every social assistance policy paradigm is accompanied by value reconstruction and economic reform. Based on the theory of discontinuous equilibrium, this paper analyzes the reasons of institutional change and value of policy change. Combined with the review of the changes of China＇s national conditions and social assistance policies, the paper re- vised this analysis framework. Based on the overall characteristics of the top-down coercive trans- formation of China＇s social assistance, this paper argues that ideology, choice of executive value, economic system reform and political system reform are important factors leading to intermittent change. It is the adaptation and contradiction between the two that results in the intensification or conflict between the policy image and policy environment and the equilibrium period and the in- terrupted period in the process of policy change. On the basis of reviewing the course of social as- sistance policy changes since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China and analyzing the reasons for the change, this paper puts forward the conception of the development trend of the social assistance policy.