商陆水溶性浸出物、商陆皂苷甲含量变异规律与优良种源筛选

Variation Patterns of Contents of Water-soluble Extractives and Esculentoside A and Selection of Superior Germplasms in Phytolacca acinosa

目的：为商陆种质资源利用与优良品种选育提供依据。方法：收集全国主分布区商陆野生种质资源23份,考察其经纬度、海拔、农艺性状,用热浸法测定块根水溶性浸出物含量,用HPLC-ELSD法测定块根商陆皂苷甲含量,用DPS 6.55,Excel 2003软件进行单因素方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析与聚类分析。结果：商陆不同种源间农艺性状存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,其中福建、广西种源生长势好,植株高大,茎粗,叶片大而多狭长,块根产量高;不同种源间水溶性浸出物、商陆皂苷甲含量也存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,2个成分变异规律相似,与种源地、经纬度、海拔、农艺性状存在相关性,其中陕西、浙江种源含量较高;与株高、茎粗、叶片长、叶片宽、叶柄长、块根纵径、块根横径、块根产量呈负相关关系,与根形指数、纬度、海拔呈正相关关系,与叶形指数、经度相关性较低;12个生长与成分性状指标可简化为5个主成分,累计贡献率达93.611 9%;23个种源可划分为5类。结论：高纬度、高海拔种植商陆有利于块根中水溶性浸出物与商陆皂苷甲含量积累;共筛选出5个农艺性状优良种源与4个高成分含量优良种源,可作为高产、优质商陆品种选育备选种质。

Objective： To provide basis for utilizing germplasm resources and selecting superior varieties of Phytolacca acinosa.Method： Twenty-three wild germplasm resources of P.acinosa from the main distribution areas of China were collected,and their longitude,latitudeand agronomic traits were studied.Contents of watersoluble extractives and esculentoside A were determined by hot dipping and HPLC-ELSD methods respectively.The data obtained were analyzed with DPS 6.55 and Excel 2003 software by ANOVA and UPGMA methods.Result：There were significant differencesin agronomic traits among different germplasms of P.acinosa（P〈0.05）.Plants from Fujian and Guangxi showed superior agronomic characters and higher earthnut production.Moreover,there were significant differences in contents of water-soluble extractives and esculentoside A（P〈0.05）,and plants from Shaanxi and Zhejiang were higher than others.The contents had a negative correlation with height of plant,diameter of stem,length and width of leaves,length of stipe,vertical and horizontal diameter of earthnut,production of earthnut,a positive correlation with earthnut index,latitude and altitude,and no significant correlation with leaf index and longitude.Conclusion： Plantation of P.acinosain high-latitude and high-altitude areas can enhance the accumulation of water-soluble extractives and esculentoside A.Five germplasms with superior agronomic traits and four germplasms with higher contents of water-soluble extractives and esculentoside A are selected,which could be alternative high-yield and high-quality germplasms of P.acinosa.