中国古代体育赛会的社会起源与文化意义研究——以先秦“射礼”赛会为例

Social origin and cultural meaning of sports competition in ancient China:A case study of the competition of Rite of Archery in Pre-Qin Dynasty

中国古代体育赛会与当时整体的社会秩序演进紧密关联。以射礼赛会为例,其与中国古代巫觋-祭祀-礼乐文化的发展相并行。射箭首先在"巫射四方"中成为集体性社会仪式;进而在"宗庙之射"中,通过"择士"等选拔性竞赛,发展为礼仪化、制度化的赛会;最终在"以射育人"的礼乐文化中实现了"以德引争"的精神升华。这种精神升华展现出中国古代体育竞赛对当时"理想社会秩序"的哲学建构,其中"射以观德"的文化创造形成中国古代特有的体育思想和文化遗产。

Ancient Chinese sports competition was closely associated with the evolution of the whole social order. Taking the competition of Rite of Archery, it developed with Chinese ancient witchcraft - worship - ritual culture. First, in the ＂Magic archery to all sides＂ , it became collective social activity. Further, in ＂Shooting in the temple＂, by the selected competition, it became a ritual and in- stitutionalized tournament. Finally, in the ritual culture of ＂Educating archery＂, it implemented the spiritual sublimation of ＂Courtesy competition＂. This spiritual sublimation shows the philosophy con- structions of ancient Chinese sports about the ＂ ideal social order＂. The cultural creation of ＂ Moral archery＂ in the Chinese Rite of Archery Competition is the unique sports thought and cultural herit- age of ancient Chinese sports.