下肢静脉曲张患者静脉溃疡形成危险因素的病例对照研究

A case-control study of risk factors of venous ulceration in patients with lower limb varicose veins

目的探讨下肢静脉曲张患者静脉溃疡形成的潜在危险因素,为静脉溃疡预防策略提供依据。方法纳入下肢静脉曲张伴静脉溃疡患者92例作为病例组,同期住院的下肢静脉曲张但不伴静脉溃疡患者92例作为对照组,收集两组患者一般资料、近两年生活及工作方式、既往史及家族史等资料,分析下肢静脉曲张患者静脉溃疡形成的危险因素。结果年龄≥45岁、下肢深静脉反流、高血压病、大量吸烟、重体力工作、下肢静脉血栓及外伤史是下肢静脉曲张患者静脉溃疡形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论对于下肢静脉曲张患者积极治疗下肢深静脉反流、控制血压、戒烟及减少重体力工作对预防静脉溃疡形成具有重要的临床意义。

Objective To explore risk factors of venous ulceration in patients with lower limb varicose veins and to provide evidence for development of prevention strategies. Methods Ninety-two patients with lower limb varicose veins developing venous ulceration were served as the case group, and 92 patients residing on the same ward at the same time were matched as control subjects. Ge- neral information, life and working style within recent 2 years, past medical history and family history were collected to identify risk factors of venous ulceration. Results Risk factors of venous ulceration included age≥45 years, lower-extremity deep venous re- flux, hypertension, heavy tobacco smoking, heavy physical work, lower-extremity venous thrombosis history and trauma history （P〈0.05 ,P〈0.01）. Conclusion To prevent venous ulceration in patients with lower limb varicose veins, such measures as positive treatment of primary disease, blood pressure control, smoking cessation and shortening of heavy physical work time should be taken.