阴道微生态宏基因组学研究进展

Progress in research on metagenomics of vaginal microecosystem

女性阴道内寄居着多种微生物群落,这些微生物种群间的平衡状态与妇女阴道疾病的发生密切相关。鉴定女性阴道菌群结构多样性的特征,有助于了解其在阴道疾病发生和转归中所发挥的作用。目前基于16SrRNA的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)及宏基因组相关技术在微生物群落研究中被广泛运用,这不仅可以帮助人们最大程度地获得阴道菌群的宏基因组信息,还可有效弥补单纯微生物培养法所产生的实验数据不充足等弊端。本文对阴道微生物菌群多样性的研究中应用的宏基因组学技术如基因测序、变性/温度梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE/TGGE)、分子克隆、末端限制性酶切长度多态性(T-RFLP)等进行综述。

In female vaginas,there are many kinds of microbial communities.The state of equilibrium among these microbial communities is closely related to the occurrence of vaginal diseases.Identification of the structure and diversity of female vaginal flora is helpful to understand its role in the pathogeneses and outcomes of vaginal diseases.Currently,the techniques of DNA polymerase chain reaction（PCR）of 16S rRNA combined with metagenomic technology can not only obtain a lot of metagenomic information on vaginal flora,but also make up effectively for the deficiency of experimental results which caused by the simple microbial culture.This paper mainly reviewed the metagenomic methodology,including gene sequencing technique,denaturing/temperature gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE/TGGE）,molecular cloning and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism,which are used to study the diversity of vaginal microbial communities.