变骚与反骚:朱熹对李白《鸣皋歌》的论述与扬雄赋之对读

ZHU Xi's Exposition and Comparison of LI Bai's Ming Gao Ge and YANG Xiong's Fu

朱熹晚年依仿晁补之重编了《楚辞》系列,展现了朱熹意欲重现屈《骚》经典的辞赋学价值取向,以及通过更新赋篇选录与道学相关论述来体现经史观照取向。《楚辞后语》中朱熹沿袭晁氏收录《变离骚》的形式,选录了李白骚体辞赋《鸣皋歌》,然而朱熹重新以贬黜眼光将《变离骚》安置于《楚辞后语》中,以审视扬雄此赋对于屈《骚》经典及其君国纲纪违忤及亵渎,并涉及扬雄由汉投效王莽新朝的评价;在朱熹的经史观照下,李白《鸣皋歌》有继踵屈《骚》忠君爱国,却被谗见放的比兴情志,虽然李白曾入幕永王璘,朱熹目为文人报国情深。赋中寓托了李白"忠君爱国"之旨谛,从而为向以傲岸不羁的诗仙平生形象、重新赋予兼济君国的士臣情志埋下了伏笔。

ZHU Xi compiles series of Chu Ci in his old age, which shows ZHU Xi's intention to reproduce the classical prose of CI poetry and historical view of Confucian classics. In Chu Ci Hou Yu, ZHU Xi follows the form of CHAO Buzhi, and extracts LI Bai's sao ci poems Ming Gao Song. However, ZHU Xi disgraced YANG Xiong in his Chu Ci Hou Yu. He kept it to examine YANG Xiong's discipline against loyalty. YANG Xiong defected Wang Mang's new court from Han Dynasty. In ZHU Xi's historical view Ming Gao Ge is patriotic inherited Li Sao of QU Yuan, although LI Bai had been an official for LI Lin. ZHU Xi thinks it is unintentional fault. Ming Gao Ge shape a new image for LI Bai in ZHU Xi's Chu Ci Hou Yu, from an uninhibited poet to a patriotism.