国有企业改革与中国地区经济发展

Reform of State-Owned Enterprises and China's Regional Economic Growth

改革开放以来,中国经历了前所未有的国有企业改革历程,对中国经济发展产生了深刻的影响。本文在回顾中国国有企业改革进程的基础上,利用中国190个地级市的面板数据,应用一阶差分模型和固定效应模型考察了地级市国有企业改革对地区经济发展的影响。研究发现:(1)国有企业改革显著促进了地区经济增长;(2)城市规模越大,国有企业改革对城市经济增长的影响效应越大,且影响效果随时间递增;(3)国有企业改革主要是通过提高市场化程度,提升了地区整体的就业和固定资产投资水平,从而促进地区经济发展。研究结果说明,国有企业改革是中国提升市场化水平和资源配置效率的重要途径,也是地区经济近40年来高速增长的重要原因,继续深化国有企业改革,鼓励多种所有制经济共同发展,是中国经济跨越中等收入陷阱、达到中等发达国家水平的重要举措。

Since it launched reform and opening up,China has gone through an unprecedented process of reform of state-owned enterprises,which had a profound impact on China's economic development. On the basis of reviewing the reform process of state-owned enterprises in China,this paper uses the first-difference model,the fixed effect model and 190 prefecture-level cities' panel data to examine the impact of the reform of state-owned enterprises on China 's regional economic development. The results show that:( 1) the reform of state-owned enterprises significantly promoted the regional economic growth and the more proportion of state-owned enterprises decreased,the more per capita GDP increased.( 2) The larger the city scale is,the more effect of state-owned enterprise reform had on urban economic growth,and the effect is increasing over time.( 3) The reform of state-owned enterprises promoted regional economic development mainly through promoting the degree of marketization and increasing the employment and the investment of fixed assets. The results show that the reform of state-owned enterprises is a key of promoting the level of marketization and allocation efficiency,and a significant explanation for the rapid growth of China's regional economy in the past 40 years. It is an important measure for China's economy's crossing the middle income trap and reaching the level of middle developed countries to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and encourage the common development of various ownership economies.