基于语料库的现代行政公文句式考察

Study of Sentence Patterns of Modern Administrative Documents Based on Corpus

为了让大家对政府行政公文写作有整体的认知,提高行政公文写作的科学性和正确性,现从语言学句式研究的角度对自建语料库的150篇行政公文,采用定量和定性分析的方法进行考察,结果发现,行政公文中各类常式句使用频率按从高到低的顺序为:兼语句>"把"字句>双宾句>连谓句>存现句="被"字句>主谓谓语句;变式句中省略句使用频率高,倒装句几乎不用。可见,行政公文的写作要做到语言简洁,表意明确,不同种类的公文偏爱使用不同的句式,行文对象的不同也会造成句式选用上的差异。

In order to enable everyone to have a comprehensive cognition of government administrative documents and improve the scientificity and correctness of administrative document writing,the paper studies the 150 administrative documents of self-built corpus from the perspective of linguistic sentence patterns.The paper takes the method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to examine the 150 administrative documents and found that the order of all kinds of routine sentences should be:pivotal sentence>sentences with"Ba"> double-object sentences>consecutive verbs sentences> existential sentences=sentences with"Bei"> subject-predicate sentences.Elliptical sentences are used often while inverted sentences are never used in variant sentences.It can be seen that the writing of administrative documents should be concise and explicit.Different types of official documents prefer different sentence patterns.Different objects will also cause differences in sentence patterns.