评价资本——帝国主义侵略要把握的几种视角

Several Perspectives on the Evaluation of Aggression of Capitalist Imperialism

如何评价资本—帝国主义侵略对近代中国社会发展的影响,是"中国近现代史纲要"课教学的重点和难点。对此问题的辨析不仅要将帝国主义侵略中国的主观动机和客观效果分别考察,更要结合近代中国社会发展的历史史实,从发展的条件、范围、阶段以及评价者的立场等方面辨析。外来侵略在短期内推动了中国局部地区某些领域的发展,但长期来看,整个近代中国人均经济发展量处于负增长,尤其是与同时期其他国家的经济增长相比较,中国与世界的发展差距越来越大,城市和乡村、沿海和内地、工业和农业、重工业和轻工业、华资和外资的发展日益失衡。帝国主义侵略打破了中国传统社会内在的僵化和封闭局面,却严重阻碍了中国社会的近代化进程。

How to evaluate the influence of aggression of capitalist-imperialism on the development of modern Chinese society is the emphasis and difficulty in the teaching of Outline of Chinese Modern History.The analysis of the problem is not only related to the subjective motive and objective effect of imperialist aggression against China,but also related to the development conditions,scope,stage,and the evaluators' position,which are based on the historical facts.Foreign aggression promoted the development of some aspects and certain areas in the short term.But in the long term,the per capita income and GDP in modern China were in negative growth,especially compared with the economic growth during the same period of other countries,because the development gap between China and the rest world was enlarged,and the development between the city and the rural,the coastal and the inland areas,industry and agriculture,heavy industry and light industry,Chinese investment and foreign investment were all in poor unbalance.Even though the imperialist aggression broke the internal rigid and closed situation of China,it has seriously hindered the modernization of Chinese society.