吴语“囥”的多功能模式和语法化

The multifunctionality of kang(囥) in Wu dialects and its grammaticalization

"囥"本义为"藏(物)",北部吴语中还有"存放"义,南部吴语中则另有"置放""存在"等义,温州方言中还可用作动后处所介词。苍南吴语中,"囥"还可与"犼那儿"组合作持续体标记。据"囥"的共时地域分布可推测,其语义演变和语法化路径为"藏(物)>存放>置放>存在>处所介词>时间介词"。由"藏(物)"到"存在"的演变,是其语义特征要素逐渐脱落,而语义泛化的过程。这种微观层面的语义参数的量变最终导致其宏观层面的句法地位的改变。"囥"语法化的机制为双动词结构的重新分析,其直接诱因是语义羡余。"囥"的语法化过程中,语义、句法、语音、词汇系统存在互动和制约。

Kang( 囥),a polysemy with full lexical meanings of "to hide" or "to store" in Northern Wu dialects,and "to hide""to store""to place" or "to exist" in Southern Wu dialects,can also be used as a post-verb adposition to introduce a locative NP in the Wenzhou dialect. Combined with the distal demonstrative,it can also be used as a continuous aspect marker in the Cangnan Wu dialect. Based on the Adjacency Principle of the Semantic Map Model in synchronic grammaticalization,the semantic evolution and grammaticalization path of kang( 囥) in Wu dialects can be described as "to hide > to store > to place > to exist > adposition". The semantic evolution and grammaticalization of kang is accompanied by the loss of its semantic features,i. e. its lexical meaning being gradually generalized. The quantitative variation of semantic micro-parameters ultimately leads to the alteration of its syntactic macro-parameters. The grammaticalization mechanism of kang isreanalysis,induced by semantic redundancy. The significance of the study of kang lies not only in its report of a new grammaticalized item,but in its display of the semantic,syntactic and phonetic interaction in the process of grammaticalization.