汉译佛经中“为”的系词用法与语义复制

The copula usage of wei(为) and semantic replication in the Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures

"为"在上古时期已是一个比较成熟的系词,既可引出体词性成分、也可引出谓词性成分,充任判断谓语,只是谓词性成分在谓语的位置上必须指称化。中古以后,特别是在汉译佛经中,"为"因大量翻译原典梵语的be动词而发生功能扩展,不仅其后可带陈述性的谓词谓语,而且可以帮助构成被动态、疑问句和加强语气等,表现出鲜明完整的助动词属性,为其进一步向语气副词和选择连词演变奠定了重要的句法语义基础。

Wei(为) had already become a copula in Archaic Chinese which can introduce both nominal and verbal components functioning as the predicate, provided the latter were referential in predicate position. Since the Medieval ages,especially in the Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures,functional expansion occurred regarding wei due to a large number of translation of be verb in the original Sanskrit texts. Wei can not only introduce verbal predicates, but also help to form the passive voice and interrogative sentence and to strengthen the mood. Thus,wei exhibited the distinctive and complete properties of an auxiliary verb,which laid an important syntactic and semantic foundation for further evolution to a modal adverb and an alternative conjunction.