中国传统教育伦理理念及其主要话语

The Ethical Concept of Chinese Traditional Education and Its Primary Discourses

教育是由"师"来实施的。"师"在中国较早的时代是一种泛称,而不像今天是一种专称。传统教育把做事教育和道德教育融为一体,以"育善"为基本伦理理念。传统教育对于政治人才的教育最为重视,形成了一套完备的"圣贤教育"模式。培养有德行、具才干、明规矩、习武艺、谙韵律、有知识、懂数理、美仪态、善辞令的政治精英,是这种精英教育的最终目标。长期的教育实践积淀了丰富的教育伦理话语,礼敬先圣先师、尊师重道、温故知新、有教无类、因材施教等是其最主要的几个话语。重温和反思传统教育伦理、圣贤教育模式和教育伦理的主要话语,对于纠正现代教育的某些偏弊,是有重要意义的。

Education is carried out by “teacher”. In earlier times, “teacher” in China is a general term,unlike today, it is a kind of special term. Taking ucultivating the good^ as the basic ethical concept, traditional education integrates ability cultivation with moral cultivation. Traditional educa-tion attaches great importance to the education of political talents, forming a complete set of sage education” mode. Cultivating political elites with virtues, talents, rules, martial arts, rhythm, knowl- edge, mathematics, beauty, and good rhetoric is the ultimate goal of this elite education. Long - term educational practice accumulates such rich educational ethical contents as respecting for the previous saints and masters, respecting teachers, studying the past and learning valuable information, advoca- ting that everyone has the right to receive education, teaching students in accordance with their apti-tude, etc. ,which are most important discourses. Reviewing and rethinking the primary discourses of traditional education ethics, sage education pattern and education ethics is of great significance to correcting some disadvantages of modem education.