湘语益阳方言的轻重音格局与变调

The Prosodic Pattern and Tone Sandhi in Yiyang Xiang Dialect,Hu'nan Province

益阳方言轻重音的语音与感知实验表明:重读音节与轻读音节在能量、时长上均有较为明显的差别。轻读音节除了能量和时长上的衰减外,五个单字调中和为高、中、低三个平调,母语者对于轻重音有较高的辨识度。研究表明,益阳方言存在韵律词和韵律短语两级韵律单位:韵律词为重轻式,包括句法词及状中短语、定中短语、动补短语、数量短语、后置粘附组等类词短语。韵律短语为中重式,包括主谓短语、动宾短语、部分动补短语及前置粘附组。韵律短语的轻重音与变调规律是韵律词规则的循环使用。

Based on perceptual experiments, this article focuses on the relationship between prosodic pattern and tone sandhi in Yiyang Xiang dialect,Hu’n a n province. Stressed and unstressed syllables are different in energy and duration. Besides, the unstressed syllables neutralize to three weaken level tones, i .e. high, middle and low, and each[ V N ] pairs are highly identifiable to the native speakers. The article identifies the prosodic word and prosodic phrase in Yiyang dialect. The former follows stressed-unstressed pattern,including syntactic words and word-like phrases,such as the adverbially-modified phrases, the attribute-head phrases,the verb-complement phrases, the numeral-classifier phrases and the bounded NP-postposition combinations. And the latter follows the medium-stressed pattern, including the subject-predicate phrases, the verb-object phrases, a fraction of verb-complement phrases and the preposition-NP combinations. The prosodic pattern and tone sandhi of prosodic phrase observe the rules regarding the prosodic word.