元馆阁文臣追求诗画“古雅”美的现象分析

An Analysis of the Classic Elegance of Civil Court Officials' Poetry and Paintings in the Yuan Dynasty

曾先后在奎章阁担任过侍书学士、鉴书博士的虞集和柯九思,是元代馆阁文臣中引领文艺风尚的领袖人物,其书画鉴赏达到了这一时期的最高水平。他们及其同僚的题画诗,多以唐宋和本朝著名画家的作品为品评对象,尤以赵孟、高克恭的高尚士夫画为创作楷模。如果说当时馆阁文人对"法度"的重视,主要涉及诗歌的雅正体制和书学的法规理则,那么他们对"古雅"的追求则更多反映在题画诗和墨竹画的创作里。"古雅"是能表现温柔敦厚性情和淡定从容心境的美,一种得古人意趣的冲淡萧散、天真烂漫的风雅兴致。它涉及三方面的内容,即作品的萧散气韵、作者的高古情怀和贯通诗画的清雅风格。

＂Classic elegance＂ is a kind of beauty that represents the author＇s gentle tempera- ment and tranquil and leisurely mood, a grace featured by carefree detachment and artless charm passed down by the ancients. This kind of taste was conveyed in scholars＇ creation of poetry and painting in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty. Yu Ji （虞集） and Ke Jiusi （柯九思,）, two civil officials who had successively assumed the posts of Imperial Academician and Book- Appraiser at Kui Zhang Ge （奎章阁）, or the Hall of Imperial Library, were tasternakers and top connoisseurs of contemporary literary and artistic practice. Their poems on paintings, together with those of their colleagues, were mostly comments on literary and artistic works of the Tang, Song as well as Yuan Dynasties. They especially praised the elegant literati paintings of Zhao Meng- fu （赵孟頫） and Gao Kegong （高克恭） as models. If the imperial academicians＇ stress on ＂the laws＂ was mainly concerning the elegant style of poetry, their pursuit of ＂classic elegance＂ was mostly represented in their poems on paintings and ink bamboo paintings.