国际留学形势及影响因素研究——基于教育差距的视角

The Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Migration of International Students:The Perspective of Educational Gap

作为改善人力资本的重要渠道,国际留学这一特殊迁移形式在人才学领域受到广泛关注。同时,对于留学行为的不同理解又往往引申出不尽相同的政策含义,因而这一论题又兼具国际政治经济学色彩。但是,既有研究多从收入差距影响国际留学的角度展开探讨,对于教育差距本身影响国际留学的效应和机制讨论不足。在同时考虑迁移效应和教育效应的引力模型这一理论框架下,本文利用教育匹配的世界发展指标数据库,通过基于固定效应的面板回归展开分析。研究发现,在使用工具变量控制内生性影响后,教育差距对于国际留学的影响呈现出先下降后上升的非线性关系。因此,对于教育发展水平相近的国家或地区而言,应采取适度倾斜的双边留学政策,以增强地缘交流和人力资源国际流动活力。

As a significant channel to improve the human capital, migration of international students has caught the eye in the field of talents studies. Meanwhile, different understand- ings of studying abroad often give rise to different policy implications, which casts on the topic an international political economic significance. The existing researches, however, pay more attention to the influence of the income gap rather than the influence of educational gap which might be more extensive and profound. Based on the theoretical model of both migra- tion effect and educational effect, this article utilizes panel data regression with fix effect via database from WDI and Barro-Lee. The article finds that there is a non-linear pattern con- cerning the relationship between educational gap and international students after using the instrumental variable to control endogeneity influences. Therefore, more pertinent and ef- fective bilateral study-abroad policies should be implemented for countries or areas with i- dentical or close educational development levels to improve the vitality of regional communication and international migration of human resource.