摆脱教育不平等的最后机会——研究生教育机会的不平等及其影响因素

Escape from Educational Inequality——Inequality in Graduate Education and Its Influencing Factor

本研究利用追踪调查数据考察了不同社会经济地位家庭的学生在研究生教育机会上的不平等及其影响因素。结果显示,不同社会经济地位家庭的学生在研究生教育机会的获得上存在非常显著的差异,而且在获得海外研究生教育机会上的差异会更大。此外,在学业表现最优秀的大学生中,来自较高社会经济地位家庭的人在国内研究生教育机会上并没有优势,但是在海外研究生教育机会上却具有非常明显的优势。与在精英大学的学生相比,就读于非精英大学的学生在国内研究生教育机会的不平等程度相对更高。最后,本文从教育决策的理性选择理论、补偿优势理论以及教育转变过程的选择机制对研究结果进行了理论解释。

The research investigated the inequality of postgraduate education among students from families with different socio-economic status and the influencing factors by follow-up survey.It shows that there are significant differences in postgraduate education among students from families with different socio-economic status,and the differences in overseas postgraduate education opportunities are even greater.In addition,among the top performing students,those from higher socio-economic families have no significant advantages in domestic postgraduate education opportunities but have obvious advantages in overseas graduate education opportunities.Compared with students at elite universities,students at non-elite universities have relatively higher inequalities in domestic graduate education opportunities.Finally,the paper explains the research results from the rational choice theory of educational decisionmaking,the theory of compensation advantage,and the selection mechanism of the educational transition process.