21世纪我国学校体育政策的情景、问题及优化——基于政策过程的视角

Situation,Problem and Optimization of P.E Policy in 21st Century

采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查及政策分析方法,对我国学校体育政策进行了研究。结果显示:(1)我国学校体育政策在制定过程中,程序规范、层次性较好,呈自上而下的精英决策特征,但民主参与度不够,协调性不强,约束力较弱。(2)执行过程是"运动式"和"碎片式"的,梗阻现象严重。(3)评估阶段则反馈通道单一,以内部评估为主。为对学校体育政策过程进行优化,文章提出了扩大政策制定的民主参与性、创新执行方法、完善学校体育政策评估体系等措施,实现学校体育政策的科学化和效益化。

The policies are indispensable resources of P. E. development, and prerequisite for the school sports development. By means of literature study, expert interview, questionnaire and policy analysis, this paper studied the P.g. policies of China. It showed that the policy making had adopted a top-down method so that the process was standard and the hierarchy had formed. The problem was that it was not democratic enough. The binding force was weak. The coordination should be strengthened. The execution of the policies was not smooth. The evaluation was primarily internal. To solve these problems, the process of policy making needed to be optimized. More democratic participation, innovative methods and scientific evaluation were in dire need.