美国农业保险的利益相关者分析与成功经验

Stakeholder Analysis of American Agricultural Insurance System and Experience Reference

基于利益相关者理论的研究方法,简要介绍了美国保险制度框架的基础,依次重点分析讨论了美国农业保险制度对农户、保险公司和政府利益需求的满足。研究发现:美国农业保险制度经过近百年的改革与完善,已发展成为世界上最成熟的农业保险体系之一;它成功运用公私合营的运行模式和差异化的财政补贴制度,构建了美国农业牢固的安全网。美国农业保险制度的实施对中国农业保险发展具有启示性意义:建立起三方利益需求的整合机制是农业保险制度建立的基础,将农户作为农业保险制度的主要利益相关者,构建一个由农户、保险公司、政府共同组成的利益相关体,并朝着风险分散与利益共享的方向改革与完善,是提升我国农业保险发展的必由之路。

Based on the research methods to stakeholders,this paper briefly introduced the frame of American insurance system and mainly discussed how it met the requirements of farmers,insurance companies and government interests.After nearly a hundred years of reform and improvement,the American agricultural insurance system has developed into one of the most mature agricultural insurance systems in the world.It has successfully established a safe network of American agriculture by using the mode of public-private partnership and differentiated financial subsidy system.The implementation of agricultural insurance policies have enlightening significance for the development of agricultural insurance system in China.The basis of an agricultural insurance system is to build an integrated mechanism catering to interests of three parties.Regarded as the main stakeholder of the agricultural insurance system,farmer,together with insurance company and government should make joint efforts to be interest-related so as to diverse risks and share benefits,which proves to be an indispensable way for the development of agricultural insurance in China.