农地转出户的生计资本流动及其影响因素分析

Analysis on Livelihood Assets Mobility and Its Influencing Factors of Rural Households

基于可持续生计分析框架和有序Logit模型,利用2016年湖北新洲区和襄州区225个农地转出户的调查数据,考察农地转出户的生计资本流动及其影响因素。研究发现:土地流转前,各类农地转出户生计资本的位序差异已经存在,土地流转使自然资本和金融资本的位序差异发生改变,其他资本的位序差异保持不变;土地流转后,农地转出户的生计总资本流动性表现出明显的组间差异,低生计资本组的生计总资本倾向于向上流动,而高生计资本组的生计总资本倾向于向下流动;带动生计总资本向上流动的因素包括打工型生计策略、兼业型生计策略及位于省会近郊的有利位置;非劳动型和务农型农地转出户受到土地流转初期的生计资本禀赋约束,无法选择更有利于生计总资本流动的生计策略。基于上述发现,提出了创造非农就业环境、培育新型主体等加强农户生计资本促进生计转型的建议。

Based on the sustainable livelihood approach and data of 225 randomly selected farmers in Xinzhou district and Xiangzhou district in 2016,this paper employs an ordered Logit model to analyze the factors influencing the livelihood assets mobility of rural households who rent out the farmland.The result shows that before the land transfer,the order difference in various livelihood assets has already existed and the land transfer just changes the order difference between natural asset and financial asset,while the order difference in other assets remained unchanged.The total livelihood assets mobility presents obvious differences in different groups,and total livelihood assets mobility of low livelihood assets group tends to be more ascending while the high livelihood assets group show more descending.The main factors which affect the upward flow of the total assets include the livelihood strategy of working type,the strategy of part-time type and the favorable position in the suburbs of provincial capital.The non-labor type and farming type are constrained by the assets endowment of the initial stage of land transfer so that they can't choose a livelihood strategy which is more conductive to the total livelihood assets flow.Therefore,this paper proposes that government should create non-agricultural employment environment and cultivate new-type agricultural management entities to strengthen the livelihood assets and promote the transformation of livelihood.