近化学专业燃烧热实验测定的绿色化改进

Green Improvement of Combustion Heat Test Experiment in Near Chemistry Major

在燃烧热测定实验中,萘一直是作为被测的燃烧物。然而萘在室温下易挥发升华,污染大气且有致癌性。以蔗糖作为被测物质而代替萘,对其燃烧热测定实验进行改进,能从根本上解决传统实验方法中存在的污染环境问题,从而实现实验教学过程中的绿色无污染化,还培养了学生的环境保护意识,提高学生实验素质,改进了实验效果。通过实验测定,算出用氧弹式量热计来测定蔗糖固体的等压燃烧热(-5 743.9 k J?mol^(-1))与文献值(-5 643 k J?mol^(-1))的误差为-1.39%(小于3%),实验结果较为准确。

Naphthalene has been used as a test material in the combustion heat determination experiment. However, naphthalene is volatile at room temperature, causing atmospheric pollution, and it has carcinogenicity. In this paper, with sucrose as the measured material instead of naphthalene, the determination of heat of combustion was improved, which fundamentally solved the environmental pollution problem existing in the traditional experimental method, and realized green experiment teaching to cultivate students＇ awareness of environmental protection and improve the test effect. The experimental results showed that the oxygen bomb calorimeter had good effect on the combustion heat determination of the sucrose, and the error was small.