论基本权利的价值多重性

On the Multiplicity of Values of Fundamental Rights

在处理宪法与基本权利的关系问题时,既应坚持宪法价值围绕基本权利这一"中心"展开,又要超越这一"中心"建构二者关系。基本权利承担着宪法赋予的多重价值使命,除了具有抵御和防范个人权利免受公权力侵害的个体主观性价值外,还具有维护公共价值观念、限制国家公权力、促进民族身份认同、促进社会资本更新等多种功能,也因此具有作为客观价值秩序、结构性限权条款、民族建构手段、社会资本统合的多重价值。基本权利的价值不是一元的而是多重的,不仅内含主观法益,同时还内含公共法益。基本权利之价值多重性构建,对中国宪法理论发展和法治实践而言,在基于中国现实、定着中国实定法、吸收他者经验等多个面向上均有重要价值。

When it comes to the relationship between constitution and fundamental rights, people should not forget that although the value of a constitution may mostly be embodied in the fundamental rights that it prescribes, the relationship between funda- mental rights and the constitution should be constructed from a more general perspective. Fundamental rights norms bear the duty of promoting the values that the constitution cherishes. Besides trumps against the state, fundamental fights also function in differ- ent legal and political context as objective order of values, structural provisions to control state＇s power, instruments of nation- building and ways to accumulate social capitals. In sum, the values of fundamental rights are multiple rather than unitary, with both subjective and public legal interest in them. To recognize and construct the multiplicity of values of fundamental rights will be beneficial for the theory and practice of Chinese constitutionalism, with whose help, we can fix our constitution and statues and get insights from other counties.